How to Complain About Lost, Delayed, or Damaged Baggage

If an airline lost, delayed, or damaged your baggage, you can claim reimbursement for your belongings and any essentials you had to buy. Act fast — baggage claims have tight deadlines, and the first step is filing a Property Irregularity Report (PIR) at the airport.

Quick answer

Report the problem before leaving the airport and get a PIR reference. Then file a written claim with receipts, citing the Montreal Convention for international flights (up to ~1,288 SDR). Claim the value of lost items plus essentials you bought, and escalate to the regulator or a chargeback if refused.

What this problem means

Airlines are liable for baggage they lose, delay, or damage. For international travel the Montreal Convention caps liability at around 1,288 SDR (roughly US$1,700–1,900) per passenger; domestic rules vary. 'Delayed' bags entitle you to reimbursement for reasonable essentials while you wait; 'lost' bags (usually after 21 days) entitle you to the value of the contents.

What evidence to gather

The Property Irregularity Report (PIR) filed at the airport
Baggage tags and your boarding pass
An itemized list of contents with approximate values
Receipts or proof of value for high-value items
Receipts for essentials bought while the bag was delayed

What to ask for

Sample complaint wording

On [date], my baggage (PIR ref [number]) was [delayed/lost/damaged] on flight [number]. Under the Montreal Convention I am claiming [amount] for [contents/essentials/repair], supported by the attached receipts, and request your written response within 21 days.

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When to escalate

If the airline lowballs or denies your claim, escalate to the aviation regulator, file a chargeback for any non-refunded fees, and consider small claims court. For international flights, cite the Montreal Convention liability limit explicitly.

Frequently asked questions

How much can I claim for a lost bag?
On international flights the Montreal Convention caps liability at about 1,288 SDR per passenger (roughly US$1,700–1,900). Domestic limits vary by country and airline. You claim the actual value of contents up to that cap.
What if my bag is just delayed, not lost?
You can claim reimbursement for reasonable essentials (clothing, toiletries) bought while you wait. Keep all receipts. If the bag isn't found after about 21 days, it's typically treated as lost.
Do I have to file a PIR at the airport?
Yes — the Property Irregularity Report is the foundation of your claim. If you can't file in person, report it in writing within the airline's deadline (often a few days for damage, 21 days for delay).

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